Chapter 6

Vocab Terms:

• Budget Resolution-biding Congress to a total expenditure level, supposedly the bottom line of all federal spending for all programs
• Uncontrollable Expenditures-expenditures that are not determined by fixed amount of money apporated by Congress but how many eligible beneficiaries there are for a program or by previous obligations of the government
• Appropriations Bill-a legislative motion(bill) that authorizes the government to spend money, it is a bill that sets money aside for specific spending. In most democracies, approval of the legislature is necessary for the government to spend money
• Entitlements-the fact of having the right to something
• Senate Finance Committee-concernms itself with matters relating to taxation and other revenue measures generally, and those relating to the insular possessions; bonded debt of the US; costums, collection districts, and parts of entry and delivery; deposit of public moneys; general revenue sharing; ect.
• Diseretionary Expenses-a cost which is not essential for the opperation of a home or a business
• House Ways and Means Committee-the chief tax-writing committee of the House of Representives
• Mandatory Expensives-a budget amount of money that must be set asside for certain programs or initatives as set forth by the government or governing authority
• -Office of Management and Budget-the largest office within the Executive Office of the President of the United States(EOP), the main function of OMB is to produce the President's Budget
• Incrementalism-belief in or advocacy of change by degrees; gradualism
• Executive Orders-a rule or order is used by the presidents to an executive branch of the government and having the force of law
• Social Security(Act)-a law enacted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1935 to create a system of transfer payments in which younger, working people support older, retired people
• Deregulation-the reduction or elimination of government power in a paticular industry, usually enacted to create more competition within the industry
• Medicare-the federal health insurance program for people who are 65 or older, certain younger people with disabilities, and people with end-stage renal disease
• Regulation-a rule or directive made and maintained by an authority
• Tax Expenditures-program is government spending through the tax code
• Policy Implementation-the forth phase of the policy cycle in which adopted policies are put into effect
• National Debt-the total amounts of money that a country's government has borrowed, by ranous means
• Independent Executive Agency-agencies that exist outside of the federal executive departments
• Regressive Tax-generally a tax that is applied uniformly, this means that it hits lower-incom individuals harder
• Government Corporatios-indepence of a private businesses but they are owned, sponsored or aquired by the government
• Progressive Tax-the taxing mechanism in which the taxing authority charges more taxes as the income of the tax payer increases
• Independent Regulatory Commission-federal agencies created by an act of congress that are independent of the executive departments
• Income Tax-tax levied by a government directly on income, especially an annuual tax on personal income
• Civil Service-the permanent, professional branches of a government's administration, excluding military and judicial branches and elected politicians
• Expenditures-the action of spending funds
• Patronaeg-the power to control appointments to office or the right to privileges
• Revenue-a state's annual income from which public expenses are met
• Bureaucracy-a system of government in which most of the important dscisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives
• Deficit-an expenditure or liabilities over income or assets in a given period